Added Value and Challenges of the Follow-the-Money Approach in Environmental Crimes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59593/amlcft.2024.v2i2.71Keywords:
Environmental Crime, Follow-the-Money, Forestry, Money LaunderingAbstract
Environmental crimes have a wide impact on the country's losses in social and economic development and threaten the sustainability of living things and the ecosystem. In addition, environmental crimes also produce follow-up crimes, namely criminal acts of money laundering (TPPU). Based on the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) July 2021 Report on Money Laundering from Environmental Crimes, environmental crime is one of the crimes that is estimated to generate the most profitable income in the world, which is around USD 110 to 281 billion annually. Unfortunately, the handling of money laundering cases related to environmental crimes in Indonesia remains suboptimal, as evidenced by the disproportionate number of environmental crimes addressed by money laundering authorities in this sector. This study examines how law enforcement of forestry and environmental crimes needs to be strengthened by a follow-the-money approach. This study used descriptive and qualitative analysis methods involving secondary data from various related institutions and primary data from unstructured interviews with several investigators in the field of environment and forestry. The findings of this study indicate that law enforcement in the areas of forestry and environmental protection, particularly in the application of anti-money laundering measures, remains suboptimal. This inadequacy is largely attributed to the limited experience of investigators in handling environmental cases. Whereas, adopting a follow-the-money approach in environmental investigations could significantly enhance the effectiveness of these efforts, allowing for a more comprehensive uncovering of past illegal activities. Additionally, this approach has the potential to identify a broader network of involved parties, including the identification of beneficial owners.
Downloads
References
Anagnostou, Michelle, and Brent Doberstein. "Illegal wildlife trade and other organised crime: A scoping review." Ambio 51, no. 7 (2022): 1615-1631. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-021-01675-y
Sulastri Ari, Ratri Istania, and Neneng Sri Rahayu, "Handling Money Laundering Crime in the Forestry Sector through Integrated Governance," International Journal of Economics Development Research (IJEDR) 4, no. 2 (2023): 1118-1129.
Aris Prio dkk, Pengantar Hukum Lingkungan [Introduction to Environmental Law], Jakarta: Pustakabarupres, 2022.
Auriga, Modul Pemulihan Aset dalam Kejahatan Sumber Daya Alam dan Lingkungan Hidup [Asset Recovery Module in Natural Resources and Environmental Crimes], Jakarta: Yayasan Auriga, 2022.
Austrac, Regional Risk Assessment on Wildlife Trafficking. 2021.
Direktorat Hukum PPATK, Kajian Hukum Unsur Menyembunyikan dan Menyamarkan dalam Perkara Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang [Legal Study of Elements of Concealment and Disguise in Money Laundering Cases], Jakarta: PPATK, 2021.
Direktorat Hukum PPATK, Penerapan Delik Pencucian Uang untuk Tujuan Pemidanaan dan Asset Recovery [Application of Money Laundering Offences for Criminal Purposes and Asset Recovery], Jakarta: PPATK, 2019.
Hiariej, Eddy O.S., Teori dan Hukum Pembuktian [Theory and Law of Proof], Penerbit Erlangga, Yogyakarta: 2012.
Eisenberg, Paul. Application of the net worth method in forensic accounting investigations. International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 4, no. 10 (2018): 1-23. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3324282
FATF. FATF High-Level Conference on Environmental Crime. Accessed February 2, 2024. https://www.fatf-gafi.org/en/publications/Fatfgeneral/Environmental-crime-conference-dec-2021.
Husein, Y., Combating environmental crime with anti-money laundering initiatives: Indonesian experiences. In Following the Proceeds of Environmental Crime. (pp 71-80). Routledge. 2014.
Kejaksaan Agung RI, Pemetaan Illegal Logging dari Persfektif Kejaksaan [Illegal Logging Mapping from the Prosecutor's Perspective], Jakarta: Kejaksaan Agung, 2007.
Sukardi, Illegal Logging dalam Persfektif Politik Hukum Pidana [Illegal Logging in the Political Perspective of Criminal Law], Yogyakarta: Universitas Atmajaya Yogyakarta, 2005.
Soekanto, Soerjono. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penegakan hukum [Factors affecting law enforcement]. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2007.
Indonesian Constitutional Court. Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1990 tentang Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Hayati dan Ekosistem. [Law Number 5 of 1990 concerning Conservation of Biological Natural Resources and Ecosystems].
Indonesian Constitutional Court. Undang-Undang Nomor 41 Tahun 1999 tentang Kehutanan. [Law Number 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry].
Indonesian Constitutional Court. Undang-undang No. 15 tahun 2002 tentang Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang. [Law No. 15 of 2002 concerning the Crime of Money Laundering].
Indonesian Constitutional Court. Undang-undang No. 25 Tahun 2003 tentang Perubahan Undang-undang No. 15 tahun 2002 tentang Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang [Law No. 25 of 2003 concerning Amendments to Law No. 15 of 2002 concerning Money Laundering].
Indonesian Constitutional Court. Undang-undang No. 8 Tahun 2010 tentang Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang. [Law No. 8 of 2010 concerning the Prevention and Eradication of Money Laundering Crimes].
Wyatt, Tanya, Daan van Uhm, and Angus Nurse. "Differentiating criminal networks in the illegal wildlife trade: organized, corporate and disorganized crime." Trends in Organized Crime 23 (2020): 350-366. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12117-020-09385-9
Yuliani, Wiwin. "Metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dalam perspektif bimbingan dan konseling [Qualitative descriptive research methods in the perspective of guidance and counseling.]." QUANTA: Jurnal Kajian Bimbingan dan Konseling dalam Pendidikan 2, no. 2 (2018): 83-91. https://doi.org/10.22460/q.v2i2p83-91.1641
Downloads
Submitted
Accepted
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Budi Saiful Haris
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
