Threat Dynamics and Adaptation of Anti Money Laundering Regulations: A Systematic Review

Ickhsanto Wahyudi; Indo Yama; Muhammad Said

doi:10.59593/amlcft.2026.v4i2.272

Authors

Ickhsanto Wahyudi Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Esa Unggul, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8204-2575
Indo Yama Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah,
Muhammad Said Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4716-9327

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59593/amlcft.2026.v4i2.272

Keywords:

AML, Cryptocurrency, PRISMA, RegTech

Abstract

Money laundering in Indonesia faces complex challenges driven by financial crime innovation. This study maps threats, legal developments, and technological responses in the national anti money laundering regime using a PRISMA guided systematic literature review of 25 Scopus indexed articles from 2014 to 2025. Results show four findings. First, crime patterns shift toward digital assets such as crypto and online platforms, along with risks linked to carbon policy instruments. Second, the legal framework still shows gaps in regulating virtual assets and strengthening electronic evidence. Third, there is growing use of machine learning and Regulatory Technology to improve detection and compliance. Fourth, key research gaps remain, including limited empirical studies on crypto misuse and carbon markets, weak cost benefit analysis of RegTech adoption in small and medium financial institutions, and limited attention to cultural and behavioral aspects of compliance. These findings provide a clear evidence base for policymakers and financial institutions. Future effectiveness depends on adaptive regulation, targeted technology adoption, and stronger coordination across stakeholders.

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